Introduction: Usually osseointegration takes between three to six months after implant placement but patients are interested to have early loading. There are no definitive criteria for measuring bone mineral density (BMD), insertion torque (IT) (final torque force) and resonance FREQUENCY analysis (RFA) (primary implant stability) to determine exact loading time based on the relationship between the above-mentioned parameters. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between IT, RFA and BMD in screw-type implants.Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 18 patients who were candidates for ITI implant placement. Written consent was taken and jaw bone density was determined via a digital radiography technique before surgery. After implant placement, RFA and IT were measured. Fifty-five ITI implants of the total 62 implants placed were evaluated; the implants were 12 mm long with a diameter of 4.1 mm. Data was analyzed with Pearson’s test using SPSS.15 software (a=0.05).Results: There was a significant relationship between IT, RFA and BMD. Pearson’s test showed a correlation coefficient of 0.872 to 0.789 between the three parameters, indicating a strong relationship between them. The mean bone density was 1.468±0.042 g/cm2; the mean RFA was 66.01±2.2 ISQ and the mean IT was 34.62±3.33 N/cm2.Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study there is a significant relationship between, IT, RFA and BMD (p value=0.001).

Many procedures suggest for reduction of responses of riser to Vortex Induced Vibrations (VIV). Natural frequencies of marine risers is an important parameter that can affect the responses of riser to VIV. Change of riser properties such as top tension and bending stiffness can alter natural frequencies. In this study effects of riser specifications on the responses and fatigue damage of marine risers were investigated analytically and numerically. For numerically analysis 2D wake-structure coupled model is used for modeling of VIV of riser in two directions of Cross Flow (CF) and In Line (IL). The wake dynamics, including IL and CF vibrations, is represented using a pair of non-linear Van der Pol equations that solved using modified Euler method. The Palmgren–Miner Rule is used for evaluation of fatigue damage. Riser of Amir-Kabir semisubmersible placed in Caspian sea is used for case study. Because VIV is self-limiting, it is showed that lower modes have lower curvature, that in some cases this is lead to lesser stress and also fatigue damage. The results show that for tension dominant modes of vibration, natural frequencies was increased with top tension and for a certain Strouhal FREQUENCY, dominant modes of vibration was reduced which leads to reduction of stress and fatigue damage. The results show that stress and fatigue damage increased with module of elasticity of riser and reduction of this leads to reducing of stress and fatigue damage. Therefore suitable procedure for reduction of VIV responses of riser should be selected based on the current velocity.

Public accountability is a sign of modern and democratic administration. Accountability has become a topic of concern in governance literature. The question of holding politicians and administration accountable in new governance environment, where many traditional means for controlling government have been no longer fully applied, has gained wide recognition. As a consequence, new types of accountability have been sought and identified. The article discusses the SHIFTING conceptualization of accountability on the basis of Erkkila typology in light of changes in the patterns of administration (governance) in the literature of public administration.It argues that this shift can be related to the structural changes that have taken place in politics and public administrations from the late 1980s to the present. Also, the argument is made that instead of trying to identify new mechanisms of accountability, more attention should be paid to the transformations taking place among traditional mechanisms of accountability and their potentials in the new institutional design. This article attempts to examine this shift through using descriptive-analytical method and deductive reasoning.

Classification SHIFTING announced as new tools for earning management and become new subject for accounting research. In this article, we explore how classification SHIFTING must measure and probe position of this tools in listed companies at Iranian stock exchange. For this purpose we gather data for firms from 2002 to 2014. Research results show that companies used classification SHIFTING as a tools for managing earning. Also, research explore that this tools use in trade off position from other common earning management tools. In fact firms used in order real management, accrual management and lastly classification SHIFTING. In addition, results show that financial crisis is important factor for using this tools.